Did Buddha ever get sick or injured? both before enlightenment and after.

At least:
Before an enlightenment:

• bodhisatta make himself suffering by dukkarakiriyā-practicing, attakilamathānuyoga, in Mahāsaccaka-sutta.

Aggivessana, it occurred to me, what if I pressed the upper jaw on the lower jaw, with the tongue pressing on the palate pushed out, expelled and burnt up thoughts in my mind. Then even while sweat was dripping from my armpits, I pressed the upper jaw on the lower jaw, with the tongue pressing on the palate pushed out, expelled and burnt up thoughts in my mind...etc.

It is a very long with many suffering, please, look inside the link by yourself.
After an enlightenment:

• One sick, some physical body suffering, found in cīvara-khandhaka of vinaya-pitaka.

[135] Tena kho pana samayena bhagavato kāyo dosābhisanno hoti.
Next, the cause is when buddha's body accumulating waste product.

• Two more sicks found in D.N. Mahāparinibbāna-sutta, illness, and hematemesis.

28. But when the Blessed One had entered upon the rainy season, there arose in him a severe illness, and sharp and deadly pains came upon him. And the Blessed One endured them mindfully, clearly comprehending and unperturbed. ...
29. And soon after the Blessed One had eaten the meal provided by Cunda the metalworker, a dire sickness fell upon him, even hematemesis (lohitapakkhandikā), and he suffered sharp and deadly pains. But the Blessed One endured them mindfully, clearly comprehending and unperturbed.

• Another, injure found in Vinaya Saṅghabhedakhandhaka.

Tato papaṭikā uppatitvā bhagavato pāde ruhiraṃ uppādesi .
Because of broken pieces of big rocks, blood bleed out at buddha's foot.

The conclusion appears in K.N. Apadāna, too. From here, buddha said foot-ache and headache, too. This is a long quote, please see inside the link by yourself.